The United States
Twenty-two states in the United States have laws that prevent local governments from creating legislation specific to breeds of dogs.
Researchers in Missouri concluded that “no association was found between emergency department visits for dog bite injuries and whether the municipality enacted Breed-Specific Legislation.” The authors stated that “breed discriminatory laws have not reduced the risk of emergency department visits for injury from dog bites in Missouri” (Wyker and Gupta, 2023). In the US, BSL legislation is a community by community issue, although some states have prohibited such local regulations altogether. As a result of this localized approach, there have been few attempts to study the effects of such legislation. In Missouri, however, many communities have enacted BSL, so it was possible to compare dog bite injury rates between communities with and without such legislation, matched according to population characteristics, estimates of dog ownership rates, and housing factors. More than a dozen Missouri communities have rescinded their BSL regulations as it has become clear that they have no impact on public safety. (Wyker, B. and Gupta, M., 2024)
Additionally, approximately half the population of dogs in the United States are not a member of any breed at all.