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Research:

James Serpell

This article is included because it evaluates the ability of the C-BARQ to quantify the incidence of warning and possibly biting behaviors toward strangers among pet dogs labeled by their owners as either Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, or German Shepherds.

This study groups breeds by genetic clades, rather than by historical working functions or morphology, and through a dual culture approach, attempts to deal with the confounding effect of environment.